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France received immigrants in successive waves during the 19th and 20th centuries. They were rapidly assimilated into French culture. Seeing itself as an inclusive nation with universal values, France has always valued and strongly advocated assimilation where immigrants were expected to adhere to French traditional values and cultural norms. However, despite the success of such assimilation, the French Government abandoned it in the mid-1980s encouraging immigrants to retain their distinctive cultures and traditions and requiring from them a mere integration.〔Sylvia Zappi, "French Government Revives Assimilation Policy", in ''Migration Policy Institute'' ()〕 This "integrationist" policy has recently been called into question, for example, following the 2005 French riots in some troubled and impoverished immigrant suburbs. In 2014 The National Institute of Statistics (INSEE, for its acronym in French) published a study, accordingly the number of Spanish immigrants, Portuguese and Italians in France between 2009 and 2012 has doubled. As determined by the French Institute, this increase resulting from the financial crisis that hit several European countries in that period, has pushed up the number of Europeans settled in France.〔 Statistics on Spanish immigrants in France show a growth of 107 percent between 2009 and 2012, i.e. in this period went from 5300 to 11,000 people.〔 Of the total of 229,000 new foreigners coming to France in 2012, nearly 8% were Portuguese, British 5%, Spanish 5%, Italians 4%, Germans 4% ; Romanians 3% , 3% Belgians.〔〔http://hispantv.com/detail.aspx?id=298807 〕 In 2008, the French national institute of statistics INSEE, which has a more restrictive definition of immigration than Eurostat, estimated that 5,3 million foreign-born immigrants and 6.5 million direct descendants of immigrants (born in France with at least one immigrant parent) lived in France representing a total of 11.8 million and 19% of the total population in metropolitan France (62,1 million in 2008). Among them, about 5,5 million are of European origin, 4 million of Maghrebi (either Arabs or Berbers) origin, 1 million of Sub-saharan African origin and 400,000 of Turkish origin.〔(Être né en France d’un parent immigré ), Insee Première, n°1287, mars 2010, Catherine Borrel et Bertrand Lhommeau, Insee〕〔(Répartition des immigrés par pays de naissance 2008 ), Insee, October 2011〕 The region with the largest proportion of immigrants is the Île-de-France (Greater Paris), where 40% of immigrants live. Other important regions are Rhône-Alpes (Lyon) and Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (Marseille). Among the 802,000 newborns in metropolitan France in 2010, 27.3% had at least one foreign-born parent and about one quarter (23.9%) had at least one parent born outside of Europe.〔(Naissances selon le pays de naissance des parents 2010 ), Insee, septembre 2011〕〔Parents born in overseas territories are considered as born in France.〕 Including grandparents, about 40% of newborns in France between 2006 and 2008 had at least one foreign-born grandparent (11% born in another European country, 16% born in Maghreb but some have European ancestry and 12% born in another region of the world).〔(Les immigrés, les descendants d'immigrés et leurs enfants ), Pascale Breuil-Genier, Catherine Borrel, Bertrand Lhommeau, Insee 2011〕 ==History== Successive waves of immigrants during the 19th and 20th centuries were rapidly assimilated into French culture. France's population dynamics began to change in the middle of the 19th century, as France joined the Industrial Revolution. The pace of industrial growth attracted millions of European immigrants over the next century, with especially large numbers arriving from Poland, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain.〔"''(Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. III. French Government and the Refugees )''". American Philosophical Society, James E. Hassell (1991). p.22. ISBN 0-87169-817-X〕 In the wake of WWI, significant numbers of workers from French colonies came. By 1930, the Paris region alone had a North African Muslim population of 70,000.〔Goebel, ''Anti-Imperial Metropolis'', p. 21.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Immigration to France」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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